Joint Submission to the 64th session of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) (24 Sept – 12 Oct 2018). This joint submission by ECCHR and WILPF focuses on Germany’s extraterritorial obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Cultural and Social Rights, with a focus on violations arising from German arms transfers to third countries. This issue is addressed primarily through Germany’s obligation to protect under the Covenant, including in relation to operations of German businesses in the arms industry both in Germany and abroad. It also highlights the gendered impacts of violations. In its last review of Germany, the CESCR recommended the German government to apply a human rights-based approach to its international trade policy and to ensure that its policies on investments by German companies abroad serve the economic, social and cultural rights in the host countries and do not violate them.1 As illustrated in this report, arms transfers do not serve but, rather, undermine human rights in the receiving countries.