This document is second WILPF’s written contribution to the CEDAW Committee’s process for drafting General recommendation No. 40 on equal and inclusive representation of women in decision-making systems (CEDAW/C/GC/40).It builds on WILPF’s previous written submission to the CEDAW Committee’s Half-day General Discussion on “Equal and Inclusive Representation of Women in Decision-Making” held in February 2023, as well as the oral statement delivered during the session (both available in this Advocacy Database).In this submission, WILPF emphasises that the mere formal and quantitative participation of women in patriarchal, capitalist, racist and militarised systems does not bring about structural change. Rising military budgets and the proliferation of weapons inevitably lead to an increase in militarisation, gender inequality and conflict. Based on a feminist political economy analysis and a commitment to demilitarisation, WILPF reiterates key recommendations, such as investing in social reproduction, ensuring decent working conditions, and broadening the Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) Agenda beyond its current framing as a foreign policy tool, urging all states to implement it both domestically and internationally.